{"id":37917,"date":"2018-12-03T16:30:20","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T16:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronometer.com\/blog\/?p=37917"},"modified":"2024-07-02T22:04:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T05:04:32","slug":"food-allergies-vs-intolerances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronometer.com\/blog\/food-allergies-vs-intolerances\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Allergies vs Intolerances"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"37917\" class=\"elementor elementor-37917\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76e02bb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76e02bb9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f816500\" data-id=\"6f816500\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5034c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5034c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">guest post by susan macfarlane, registered dietitian nutritionist<\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ba8a85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ba8a85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recent estimates suggest that 3.6% of Americans, or approximately 1 in 25 adults, live with a food allergy or intolerance (1). However, intolerance and allergy are not interchangeable terms for the same condition; rather, they represent two distinct conditions that involve separate systems of the body. Read on to find out more about what distinguishes a food allergy from an intolerance and the ways in which they are diagnosed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccd6ac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ccd6ac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is A Food Allergy?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-329e899 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"329e899\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Simply put, a food allergy is an abnormal immune response to a food carried out by the anti-body (or immunoglobin), IgE. This antibody is produced following a person\u2019s initial exposure to a food deemed to be \u201cthreatening\u201d. Upon repeated exposures to a food, IgE triggers the body to release massive amounts of histamine, which exaggerates the immune response and results in one or more of the following symptoms:<\/p><ul style=\"font-size: 20.25px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Itching in the mouth<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Swelling of the lips and tongue<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Hives<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Worsening eczema<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Difficulty breathing<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 20.25px;\">Drop in blood pressure<\/li><\/ul><p>If the allergic reaction is severe, it can lead to anaphylaxis; a life-threatening condition that can be deadly if not treated immediately with epinephrine (epi-pen).<\/p><p>IgE-mediated allergic reactions are the easiest to recognize given the specific symptoms that result from exposure to a threatening food. However, under the umbrella term of \u201cfood allergy\u201d are several other allergic conditions that are somewhat more difficult to diagnose, but equally serious.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Eosinophilic Esophagitis<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 inflammation of the esophagus that is often caused by an allergic reaction to foods such as dairy, eggs, wheat, or soy.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Oral Allergy Syndrome<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 experienced by individuals with an allergy to pollen, oral allergy syndrome results in an itchy mouth, swollen lips, and a scratchy throat when raw fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts cross react with pollen.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)<\/span>\u00a0\u2013a non-IgE mediated immune reaction to certain foods (most often cow\u2019s milk or soy protein) that results in severe diarrhea and vomiting several hours after eating. While FPIES can occur in adults, it is most common in infants and young children (who often outgrow the condition with time).<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 a rare condition where anaphylaxis is triggered by physical activity (most often running). In food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, a food, such as corn, peanuts, tomatoes, shellfish, and wheat, consumed within a few hours of exercise, triggers the reaction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588d00a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"588d00a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is A Food Intolerance?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8cdd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8cdd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A food intolerance occurs when an individual improperly digests a food and experiences symptoms of gas, bloating, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. The most important distinguishing characteristic between a food allergy and intolerance is that a food allergy involves the immune system whereas an intolerance involves the digestive system. An example of a food intolerance is lactose-intolerance where the digestive enzyme, lactase, is not produced, resulting in significant digestive discomfort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d84197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d84197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagnosing Food Allergies And Intolerance<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d01ce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d01ce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you suspect that you or a family member has a food allergy, it\u2019s important to meet with an allergist to receive a proper diagnosis. In addition to a detailed history, an allergist may perform one or more of the following tests:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f705155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f705155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skin Prick Test<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8b08a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8b08a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During a skin prick test, a solution containing the suspected food allergen is placed just below the skin. A raised white bump surrounded by a circle of itchy, red skin (a \u201cwheal\u201d) is indicative of a possible food allergy. While the skin prick test is unlikely to suggest that someone does not have an allergy to a food, when in fact he or she does (i.e. a false negative), the risk of false positives (or the test showing an allergy that does not exist) is relatively high at 50-60% (2). Attaining 100% accuracy is difficult since testing is being done through the skin, rather than the digestive tract. In addition, cross reactivity between similar foods (i.e. peanuts and green beans) can lead to a false positive result.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cc4a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Blood Test<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105aad9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105aad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An allergist may also order a blood-test that looks for the presence of IgE antibodies. The accuracy of the blood test is comparable to skin prick tests, as similar issues, including digestion and cross-reactivity, can create false positives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1255f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1255f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oral Food Challenge<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34ddaf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34ddaf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the allergist is unable to provide a diagnosis based on a medical history and the results of the above two tests, he or she may perform an oral food challenge test, which is considered highly accurate. During this medically supervised test, the suspected food allergen is given in increasing doses over a period of time until symptoms are observed (at which time, medications are administered). <strong>Importantly, this test should not be performed without medical supervision due to the risk of anaphylaxis.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3c04ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d3c04ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tests That Do Not Work<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65aaedd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65aaedd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When it comes to food intolerances, making an accurate diagnosis is even more challenging. Many of the tests that are touted as diagnostic are based on pseudoscience at best, and at worst, falsified information. One of the more popular tests is the IgG blood test where levels of the antibody, IgG, are measured. However, IgG antibodies are a normal product of the body\u2019s immune system and are found in people both with and without allergies. In fact, research shows that IgG antibodies actually increase in studies where people\u2019s sensitivity to foods is lowered (3).<\/p><p>Other tests that have been disproven (and are summarized\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foodallergy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/migrated-files\/file\/unproven-tests.pdf\">here<\/a>) include: applied kinesiology, cytotoxicity, electrodermal testing, and hair analysis.<\/p><p>Now, this isn\u2019t to say that food intolerances don\u2019t exist. Rather, it suggests that many of the tests out there are not equipped for the complicated task of identifying food intolerances. The only gold-standard method for diagnosing food intolerances (outside of lactose intolerance) is an elimination diet. During such diets, suspect foods are removed from an individual\u2019s diet for a period of 2-8 weeks. The resolution of symptoms, combined with the return of symptoms during a re-challenge phase, are confirmation that the suspect food is responsible for the digestive symptoms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d66426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d66426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Can Food Allergies Or Intolerances Be Cured?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686a84c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"686a84c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maybe, but it\u2019s a little more complicated than that.<\/p><p>Some food allergies, specifically milk, egg, or soy, are likely to be outgrown in childhood while others, including shellfish, tree nut, and peanut allergies, tend to be lifelong. Factors that increase the likelihood that a child will outgrow his or her food allergy are having a mild reaction, being allergic to only one food, and having eczema as the only symptom (4).<\/p><p>Oral immunotherapy, which involves gradually administering increasing doses of a food allergen under medical supervision, is emerging as a potential allergy treatment. However, oral immunotherapy has not been approved as a treatment option by the FDA and should only be used in clinical trials.<\/p><p>Food intolerances are another story. Often, the reason a food is not being digested well is because there is inflammation in the digestive tract. If you suspect a food intolerance, it\u2019s important to rule out any medical cause, such as celiac disease, irritable bowel disease, or diverticular disease. Adding probiotics and increasing your intake of prebiotics and fermented foods can also help to create a more favourable gut environment, allowing you to better digest problematic foods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-738d0b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"738d0b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>References:<\/h3><ol><li>Acker WW, Plasek JM, Blumenthal KG, Lai KH, Topaz M, et al. Prevalence of food allergies and intolerances documented in electronic health records. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Dec;140(6):1587-1591. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28577971\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28577971<\/a><\/li><li>Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE). Skin Prick Tests. n.d. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foodallergy.org\/life-with-food-allergies\/food-allergy-101\/diagnosis-testing\/skin-prick-tests\">https:\/\/www.foodallergy.org\/life-with-food-allergies\/food-allergy-101\/diagnosis-testing\/skin-prick-tests<\/a><\/li><li>Philippe B\u00e9gin, Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE). Unproven and Non-Standardized Tests for Food Allergy. n.d.\u00a0<\/li><li>Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE). WHO IS LIKELY TO OUTGROW A FOOD ALLERGY? 13 Sept 2013. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foodallergy.org\/about-fare\/blog\/who-is-likely-to-outgrow-a-food-allergy\">https:\/\/www.foodallergy.org\/about-fare\/blog\/who-is-likely-to-outgrow-a-food-allergy<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>guest post by susan macfarlane, registered dietitian nutritionist Recent estimates suggest that 3.6% of Americans, or approximately 1 in 25 adults, live with a food allergy or intolerance (1). However, intolerance and allergy are not interchangeable terms for the same condition; rather, they represent two distinct conditions that involve separate systems of the body. Read [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Food Allergies vs Intolerances - Cronometer Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Food Allergies vs Food Intolerance. What&#039;s the difference? Why does it matter? How do you treat them? 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